Wood products are often categorized by the cut of the wood, which refers to the way the logs are cut into planks. The different cuts of wood impact the appearance and stability of the final product, so it's important to understand the different types and what they offer. Here's a breakdown of the most common cuts of wood, along with a look at the grading system used to classify the quality of the wood.
- Rift Cut: The Rift Cut is a straight-grained cut that's created by cutting the log at a slight angle to the growth rings. This type of cut results in a linear grain pattern that's ideal for cabinetry and other fine woodwork. Rift and Quarter Sawn are very similar and are the most consistent patterns and best options when a uniform look is desired. Our White Oak Shelves are Rift Cut.
- Plain Sliced Cut: Plain Sliced or Flat Cut is similar to the Rift Cut, but the log is cut at a slightly different angle. This type of cut also results in a linear grain pattern, but it's not as straight as the Rift Cut. Plain Sliced often produces “cathedral patterns” (where the grain meets at a point) as seen in the picture below. When mills grade Rift Cut from Plain Sliced they are looking for this cathedral pattern, ensuring that the grain does not trail too far off it's straight line. Our Walnut, Weathered, Maple, Cherry, and Mahogany Shelves are all offered in Plain Sliced.
- Rotary Cut: The Rotary Cut is created by peeling the log. This type of cut results in a unique, circular grain pattern that's ideal for paneling and decorative veneers. Rotary cut is an economical cut. We do not use this in our shelves as the grain pattern is too unreliable. While beauty is in the eye of the beholder, the random nature of rift cut can lead a dramatic difference from shelf to shelf, even within an single order.
- Quarter Sawn Cut: The Quarter Sawn Cut is created by cutting the log into quarters and then slicing each quarter into planks. This type of cut results in a distinctive medullary ray pattern that's prized for its stability and beauty. Rift and Quarter Sawn are the most consistent patterns and best options when a uniform look is desired. Quartered Wood, while beautiful like rift, is often more difficult to source. If you are looking for a quartered product please reach out and we can provide a custom quote and lead time.
- Grading: The quality of wood is often classified using a grading system, which takes into account factors such as knots, splits, and other imperfections. The most common grades are "A Grade," "AA Grade," and "B Grade." AA Grade wood is the highest quality, with few knots and a uniform appearance. A Grade wood may have a few knots and some small imperfections, but it still has a high-quality appearance. B Grade wood may have more knots and other imperfections, but it's still suitable for many applications. All of Gallagher Wood Products' Shelves are A Grade.
In conclusion, choosing the right cut of wood is important when it comes to determining the appearance and stability of the final product. Understanding the different cuts of wood, as well as the grading system used to classify the quality of the wood, will help you make informed decisions when it comes to your next woodworking, home improvement, or architectural grade project.